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Introduction Basic Information Introduction Required Knowledge Beginner Mistakes Getting Started How To Ask Questions GCC Cross-Compiler What Order Should I Make Things In? Licensing Tutorials Real Mode OS Warning Frequently Asked Questions more... Environment How kernel, compiler, and C library work together Using other Languages than C UEFI and legacy BIOS (PC) Inline Assembly (including examples) Object Files and relocation Bare Bones / Baby Steps Limine Bare Bones (C, 64-bit, higher half) Multiboot1 Bare Bones (C/C++, 32-bit, lower half) Ada Bare Bones C Sharp Bare Bones D Bare Bones FreeBasic Bare Bones Go Bare Bones Pascal Bare Bones The BabyStep Tutorial more... Example OS Organization Meaty Skeleton Booting and Setup Boot Sequence Diskless Booting The Global Descriptor Table and a GDT Tutorial Interrupts Getting Keyboard Input Testing and Debugging Troubleshooting Testing Unit Testing How Do I Use A Debugger With My OS Kernel Debugging more... Development Going Further on x86 Creating an Operating System Code Management Compiler Development What's a compiler? Making a Compiler (Theory) Code Generation and Optimization Techniques Implementing Conditional Statements And Loops Tail Recursion and Tail Call Optimization Design Considerations Kernel Models Monolithic Kernel Microkernel Exokernel and related models Modular Kernel more... Task Models Monotasking Systems Multitasking Systems Real-Time Systems more... Memory and Resource Management Memory management - Overview and Introduction Segmentation Paging Memory Allocation Page Frame Allocation Memory Management Unit, or in-depth description of recursive mappings File Management File Systems more... System Calls ARM System Calls Scheduling Processes and Threads Context Switching Scheduling Algorithms Multiprocessor Scheduling Blocking Process - processes sleeping and waiting more... Process Sychronization Synchronization Primitives - Semaphores, mutexes, spinlocks et al. Signals more... Inter-Process Communication Message Passing Shared Memory Remote Procedure Call more... Resources Books on OS Development Academic Papers on theory and design Assembly Disk Images with preinstalled GRUB Deprecated, yet relevant, bits of specifications Chip Numbers, Acronyms and Things Resources more... Reference Information Executable File Types 64 bit ELF PE COFF 32 bit ELF PE COFF 16 bit COM MZ NE more... Filesystems FAT Details Ext2 Details SFS Details NTFS Details more...

Hardware The Hardware Category and linked resources CPU General Register Machine Model of Computation Memory Architecture Instruction Set Architecture Historical Notes on CISC and RISC Execution Architecture Multiprocessing Architecture X86 Modes Real Mode Protected Mode Virtual 8086 Mode x86-64 Other IA32 Architecture Family Model Specific Registers (MSRs) Detecting CPU Speed Inline Assembly/Examples CPU Bugs SSE Where Can I Find Information About Ports CPU Registers (x86, x86-64) more... ESA/390 Kernel Barebones Program Status Word Processing Storage Area Memory Mapping z/OS DataSet FileSystem Batch I/O Channel SubSystem more... ARM ARM Overview Raspberry Pi Bare Bones Memory Detecting Memory (x86) A20 Line or "Why can't I access all my memory?" IRQs and Exceptions, PIC, NMI, APIC, OPIC I Can't Get Interrupts Working The Interrupt Descriptor Table and IDT problems Interrupt Service Routines (ISRs) Interrupts Non Maskable Interrupt (NMI) APIC PIC OPIC more... Clocks, Timers and Counters HPET APIC timer (per-processor timer) Programmable Interval Timer (PIT) The CMOS clock, and its RTC chip Detecting CPU Speed Video Accelerated Graphic Cards Native Intel graphics Detecting Colour and Monochrome Monitors? Printing To Screen in Protected Mode Text Mode Cursor Drawing In a Linear Framebuffer Kernel Stdio Theory VGA Resources and VGA Hardware documentation Drawing characters in graphics mode using VGA Fonts Video Signals And Timing How to program Bochs' and QEMU's BGA graphics device more... Audio Sound PC Speaker Sound Blaster 16 more... Storage devices ATA (harddisks) ATAPI (CD-ROM) AHCI (SATA native) DMA NVMe Floppy Disk Controller (FDC) more... Input/Output PS/2 Keyboard Mouse Serial Ports (primarily RS-232) Plug and Play Plug-and-Play (PNP) PNP Calls In Protected Mode PCI, USB and things like this ... PCI PCI Express USB more... UEFI UEFI Systems with broken UEFI implementations ACPI ACPI RSDP AML more... Network cards and communicating devices Ethernet and other wired networking: 3c90x Intel 8254x Ne2000 RTL8139 RTL8169 Intel Ethernet i217 AMD PCnet Wireless Networking: 802.11 (WiFi standard) more... Non-x86 Development PowerPC MIPS Sparc ARM RISC-V more... Tools Bootloaders Bootloader theory GRUB Limine LILO XOSL System Commander Boot Magic Rolling Your Own Bootloader more... Compilers GCC Cygwin MinGW Dev-C++ DJGPP Building a GCC Cross-Compiler Cross-Compiler Successful Builds Porting GCC to your OS Calling Conventions System V ABI Watcom C/C++ Visual Studio Visual C++ Runtime TCC Smaller C Other Compilers more... Assemblers GAS (GNU as, part of binutils) FASM NASM YASM On the difference between AT&T and Intel Opcode syntax more... Linkers LD (GNU ld, part of binutils) Link Archiver (GNU ar, part of binutils) Mold (Modern Linker) more... Emulators Bochs QEMU Virtual PC VMware VirtualBox SimICS Lingemu more... Working with Disk Images Disk Images in general, and ... Loopback Device for Linux, *BSD et al. hdiutil for MacOS X Windows Tools more...