IOAPIC
Basic Info
The Intel I/O Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller is used to distribute external interrupts in a more advanced manner than that of the standard PIC. With the I/O APIC, interrupts can be distributed to physical or logical (clusters) of processors and can be prioritized.
Detecting I/O APIC
In order to detect the existence of an I/O APIC (or multiple ones), the Intel Multi-Processor or ACPI tables must be parsed. In the MP tables, configuration tables with the entry identification of 0x02 are for I/O APICs. Parsing will tell how many (if any) I/O APICs exist and what their ID and MMIO address is. For more information of parsing the MP tables, see the External MP Tables Links section below.
Programming the I/O APIC
IOREGSEL and IOWIN
The register IOREGSEL is an MMIO register select register that is used to access all the other I/O APIC registers. IOREGSEL only selects the register and does not actually write or read the register. The IOWIN register is the 'data' register. Once the IOREGSEL register has been set, the IOWIN register can be used to write or read the register in the IOREGSEL.
eg:
// set IOREGSEL
void io_apic_set_reg(uint32 address, uint8 reg)
{
*(uint32*)(address) = (uint32)reg; // set IOREGSEL
}
// write a 64-bit value to IO APIC (two 32-bit values)
void io_apic write_64(uint32 address, uint8 reg, uint32 val_hi, uint32 val_lo)
{
io_apic_set_reg(address, reg); // set reg (bits 0-31)
*(uint32*)(address + 0x10) = (uint32)(val_lo); // write val (bits 0-31)
io_apic_set_reg(address, reg+1); // set reg (bits 32-63)
*(uint32*)(address + 0x10) = (uint32)(val_hi); // write val (bits 32-63)
}
// read a 32-bit value from IO APIC
uint32 io_apic_read_32(uint32 address, uint8 reg)
{
io_apic_set_reg(address, reg); // set reg
return *(uint32*)(address + 0x10);
}
Before proceeding too far into getting IO interrupts enabled, the IO interrupts should be disabled in the IO Redirection Table (registers 0x10-0x3F). This can be accomplished by setting bit 16 (Interrupt Mask) in the IOREDTBL(x) registers. The register 0x01 bits 16-23 (Maximum Redirection Entry) will tell you how many Redirection Entries there is in the current IO APIC. This value will be used to loop through the IO Redirections in order to mask them all to start with.
uint8 io_apic_read_max_redirects(uint32 address)
{
io_apic_set_reg(address, 1);
return (uint8)((*(uint32*)(address + 0x10) >> 16) & 0xFF);
}
void io_apic_mask_all_redirects(uint32 address)
{
uint16 i;
for(i = 0; i < io_apic_read_max_redirects(address); i++)
{
io_apic_write_64(address, 0x10 + (i * 2), 0x00000000, (0x00010000 | 0x20)); // mask all, vect: 0x20
}
}