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'''Rust''' is a systems language sponsored by Mozilla, focused on three things: safety, speed, and concurrency. It accomplishes many of these goals through strong compile-time checks, allowing for very little overhead at runtime. Performance is comparable to C or C++, while being free of many of the problems caused by things like dangling pointers, buffer overflows, and iterator invalidation.
[http://rust-lang.org/ Rust] is a new systems language under development by Mozilla. It aims to offer better safety and concurrency than other, more traditional systems programming languages.


While Rust is very much a "curly-brace" language, it also takes many cues from ML. Almost everything is an expression, and there is a very strong type system including sum types and powerful generics.
[https://github.com/mozilla/rust/wiki/Operating-system-development Operating Systems Development in Rust]

Rust provides a mechanism to subvert its safety checks when necessary, by adding an 'unsafe' annotation to portions of your code. This allows you full access to raw pointers, while controlling exactly how they are used. Often, Rust code that uses unsafe will do so as an implementation detail, allowing for them to expose a safe interface.

== Operating System Development ==

Rust has a comparable amount of runtime to C and C++, and has set up its standard library to be amenable towards OS development. Specifically, the standard library (std) consists of two smaller parts: core and alloc. Core consists of the primitive, platform-independent components of the standard library. It doesn't include things like allocation, threading, and other higher-level features. Alloc is used for managing heap allocations, smart pointers, and simple data collections. Std builds on top of core and alloc to add other OS dependent features, such as files and processes. Using only core and alloc instead of std is as easy as adding the '''no_std''' annotation to your main source file.

Every Rust compiler is a cross-compiler, which makes setup easier.

== Active Projects ==

* [https://github.com/Andy-Python-Programmer/aero A mature POSIX OS]
* [https://os.phil-opp.com/ "Writing an OS in Rust"]
* [https://osblog.stephenmarz.com/ Tutorial: RISC-V OS using Rust]
* [https://github.com/thepowersgang/rust-barebones-kernel Meaty Bare-Bones]
* [https://github.com/skyzh/core-os-riscv core-os-riscv]
** An xv6-like operating system
** RISC-V based with multi-core support
* [https://github.com/thepowersgang/rust_os Tifflin]
** Multiboot image for x86_64
** has VFS and userland
* [http://www.redox-os.org Redox]
** One of the largest and most active Rust OS projects
* [https://www.tockos.org Tock]
** optimized for embedded devices
** isolates drivers and applications
* [http://intermezzos.github.io/ intermezzOS]
** Small kernel + book, specifically for learning OSDev through Rust
** on hiatus indefinitely
* [https://github.com/ryanra/RustOS Ryanra's RustOS]
** Uses libcore/collections/alloc
* [https://github.com/QuiltOS/QuiltOS QuiltOS]
** Forked from Ryanra's RustOS
** Main goal is demoing OS Dev libraries written in Rust.
* [https://source.that.world/source/rux Rux]
* [https://github.com/nebulet/nebulet Nebulet]
** Has an end goal of running [[WebAssembly]] in the kernel for a performance increase
* [https://github.com/theseus-os/Theseus Theseus]
** An experimental OS written in Rust
* [https://github.com/vinc/moros MOROS]
** A simple hobby OS with a text-based user interface

== Past Projects ==

Rust went through a long and public development process and used to have a significantly larger runtime. There were lots of experiments pre-1.0, thus these projects are of historical interest, but aren't guaranteed to run or even build.

* [https://github.com/charliesome/rustboot RustBoot]
* [https://github.com/LeoTestard/Quasar Quasar]
* [https://github.com/miselin/rustic Rustic]
* [https://github.com/wbthomason/ironkernel IronKernel]
* [https://github.com/thiagopnts/rustico Rustico]
* [https://github.com/Arcterus/kRnel kRnl]
* [https://github.com/mahrz/rv6 rv6]
* [https://github.com/hackndev/zinc Zinc]


== Libraries ==

* [https://github.com/gz/rust-x86 libx86]: Library to program x86 hardware.
* [https://github.com/rust-osdev/x86_64 x86_64]: Library to program x86_64 hardware.
* [https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader bootloader]: A rust bootloader.
* <strike>[https://github.com/Tobba/libcpu libcpu]: Library to program CPUs.</strike> Now absorbed into libx86.
* [https://github.com/gz/rust-slabmalloc slabmalloc]: Low-level memory allocator for liballoc.
* [https://github.com/gz/rust-multiboot multiboot]: Library to read multiboot layout.
* [https://github.com/mvdnes/spin-rs spin]: Various synchronization primitives implemented with spinning. Closely mimics `std::sync`'s interface.
* [https://github.com/nathan7/libfringe fringe]: Context switching agnostic to how stacks are allocated.

== See Also ==

* [http://www.rust-lang.org/ Rust Website]
* [https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-wiki-backup/blob/master/Operating-system-development.md Operating Systems Development in Rust]
* [http://scialex.github.io/reenix.pdf Reenix: Implementing a Unix-like OS in Rust]
* [http://jvns.ca/blog/2014/03/12/the-rust-os-story/ Writing an OS in Rust in tiny steps (Steps 1-5)]
* [[Rust Bare Bones]]
* [http://os.phil-opp.com/ Blog Series: Writing an OS in Rust]
* [http://www.randomhacks.net/2015/11/11/bare-metal-rust-custom-target-kernel-space/ Retarget your compiler so interrupts are not evil]
* [[BOOTBOOT]] loader has an example 64 bit higher half kernel in Rust
* [https://github.com/rust-osdev rust-osdev on GitHub]

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Rust]]

Latest revision as of 13:37, 7 June 2024

Rust is a systems language sponsored by Mozilla, focused on three things: safety, speed, and concurrency. It accomplishes many of these goals through strong compile-time checks, allowing for very little overhead at runtime. Performance is comparable to C or C++, while being free of many of the problems caused by things like dangling pointers, buffer overflows, and iterator invalidation.

While Rust is very much a "curly-brace" language, it also takes many cues from ML. Almost everything is an expression, and there is a very strong type system including sum types and powerful generics.

Rust provides a mechanism to subvert its safety checks when necessary, by adding an 'unsafe' annotation to portions of your code. This allows you full access to raw pointers, while controlling exactly how they are used. Often, Rust code that uses unsafe will do so as an implementation detail, allowing for them to expose a safe interface.

Operating System Development

Rust has a comparable amount of runtime to C and C++, and has set up its standard library to be amenable towards OS development. Specifically, the standard library (std) consists of two smaller parts: core and alloc. Core consists of the primitive, platform-independent components of the standard library. It doesn't include things like allocation, threading, and other higher-level features. Alloc is used for managing heap allocations, smart pointers, and simple data collections. Std builds on top of core and alloc to add other OS dependent features, such as files and processes. Using only core and alloc instead of std is as easy as adding the no_std annotation to your main source file.

Every Rust compiler is a cross-compiler, which makes setup easier.

Active Projects

Past Projects

Rust went through a long and public development process and used to have a significantly larger runtime. There were lots of experiments pre-1.0, thus these projects are of historical interest, but aren't guaranteed to run or even build.


Libraries

  • libx86: Library to program x86 hardware.
  • x86_64: Library to program x86_64 hardware.
  • bootloader: A rust bootloader.
  • libcpu: Library to program CPUs. Now absorbed into libx86.
  • slabmalloc: Low-level memory allocator for liballoc.
  • multiboot: Library to read multiboot layout.
  • spin: Various synchronization primitives implemented with spinning. Closely mimics `std::sync`'s interface.
  • fringe: Context switching agnostic to how stacks are allocated.

See Also