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{{TutorialExplain}}
{{BeginnersWarning}}
{{Rating|1}}{{Kernel designs}}
 
In this tutorial, weyou will write a basic ARM kernel and boot it. WeYou will target the ARM
Versatile Express development board for the Cortex-A15.
 
<b>You should read [[Getting Started]] and [[Beginner Mistakes]]</b> before
starting this tutorial.
 
== Rationale ==
 
*=== <b>Why ARMv7-A?</b> ===
ARMv7 is likely the last purely 32-bit iteration of the ARM architecture, so
processors based on it are likely to be supported the longest. The 'A' profile is
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most interest to OS developers.
 
*=== <b>Why the Cortex-A15?</b> ===
Largely because it's the most powerful ARMv7-A processor supported by QEMU, and it
also has its own development board.
 
*=== <b>Why the Versatile Express?</b> ===
This board was designed by ARM Holdings as a prototyping board, so it makes sense
to target a relatively neutral platform built with the Cortex-A15 in mind.
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== Toolchain ==
 
We'llYou will be using the [[GNU toolchainToolchain]] for this, so go read [[GCC Cross-Compiler]] if you
haven't already. The target platform is <code>arm-none-eabi</code>. You will need at
least [[GAS]], [[GCC]], and [[LD]], but it is also suggested to have [[GDB]], [[Objcopy]], and [[Objdump]].
least <code>as</code>, <code>gcc</code>, and <code>ld</code>, but I suggest also
having <code>gdb</code>, <code>objcopy</code>, and <code>objdump</code>.
 
== Code ==
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_start.arm:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="asm">
<pre>
.global _start
_start:
movldr sp, =STACK_TOP
bl start
1:
b 1b
.size _start, . - _start
</syntaxhighlight>
</pre>
 
start.c:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
#include <stdint.h>
#define UART0_BASE 0x1c090000
 
void start() {
{
*(volatile uint32_t *)(UART0_BASE) = 'A';
}
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linker.ld:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
<pre>
ENTRY(_start)
 
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* memory map provided in the CoreTile TRM (see below).
*/
. = 0x80010000;
 
/* Make sure our entry stub goes first */
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.bss : { *(.bss COMMON) }
 
STACK_BASE = .;
. += 0x10000;
STACK_TOP = .;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
</pre>
 
== Building and Running ==
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
<pre>
$ arm-none-eabi-as -march=armv7-a -mcpu=cortex-a15 _start.arm -o _start.o
$ arm-none-eabi-gcc -ffreestanding -Wall -Wextra -Werror -c start.c -o start.o
$ arm-none-eabi-ld -T linker.ld _start.o start.o -o kernel.elf
$ qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a15 -cpu cortex-a15 -kernel kernel.binelf -nographic
</syntaxhighlight>
</pre>
 
== Resources ==
 
It's a lot of material, but these are invaluable references for developing on ARM platforms.
 
== See Also ==
=== External Links ===
* [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.subset.boards.express/index.html ARMv7 Cortex-A Series Programmer's Guide]
* [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0406c/index.html ARMv7-A Architecture Reference Manual]
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[[Category:ARM]]
[[Category:Bare bones tutorials]]
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